Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa 5G ndi 4G?
Nkhani ya lero yayamba ndi ndondomeko.
Ndi njira yosavuta koma yamatsenga.Ndi yosavuta chifukwa ili ndi zilembo zitatu zokha.Ndipo ndizodabwitsa chifukwa ndi njira yomwe ili ndi chinsinsi chaukadaulo waukadaulo.
Fomula ndi:
Ndiloleni ndikufotokozereni chilinganizocho, chomwe ndi formula yoyambira ya fiziki, liwiro la kuwala = wavelength * pafupipafupi.
Ponena za fomula, mutha kunena kuti: kaya ndi 1G, 2G, 3G, kapena 4G, 5G, zonse zokha.
Wawaya?Zopanda zingwe?
Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya matekinoloje olankhulirana - kulumikizana ndi mawaya ndi kulumikizana opanda zingwe.
Ndikakuyitanani, chidziwitso chazidziwitsocho chimakhala mumlengalenga (chosawoneka ndi chosawoneka) kapena zinthu zakuthupi (zowoneka ndi zogwirika).
Ngati imafalikira pazinthu zakuthupi, ndikulumikizana ndi mawaya.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito waya wamkuwa, fiber optical., etc., onse amatchedwa mawaya media.
Pamene deta imafalitsidwa pa mawaya TV, mlingo ukhoza kufika pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, mu labotale, liwiro lalikulu la fiber imodzi lafika 26Tbps;ndi nthawi zikwi makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za chingwe chachikhalidwe.
Optical Fiber
Kuyankhulana kwandege ndi vuto la kulumikizana kwa mafoni.
Muyezo wamakono wamakono ndi 4G LTE, liwiro lachidziwitso la 150Mbps (kupatula kuphatikizira kwa onyamula).Izi sizili kanthu poyerekeza ndi chingwe.
Chifukwa chake,ngati 5G ikukwaniritsa kutha-kutha-kutha-kuthamanga kwambiri, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndikudutsa botolo lopanda zingwe.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, kuyankhulana opanda zingwe ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic polumikizana.Mafunde amagetsi ndi mafunde opepuka onse ndi mafunde a electromagnetic.
Kuthamanga kwake kumatsimikizira ntchito ya mafunde a electromagnetic.Mafunde a electromagnetic ma frequency osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana motero amakhala ndi ntchito zina.
Mwachitsanzo, ma radiation a gamma omwe amathamanga kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa.
Panopa timagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafunde amagetsi polankhulana.kumene, pali kuwuka kwa kuwala kulankhulana, monga LIFI.
LiFi (kuunika kowala), kulumikizana kowoneka bwino.
Tiyeni tibwerere ku mafunde a wailesi kaye.
Zamagetsi ndi zamtundu wa mafunde a electromagnetic.Zothandizira zake pafupipafupi ndizochepa.
Tidagawa ma frequency m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndikuwapatsa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti tipewe kusokoneza ndi kusamvana.
| Dzina la Bandi | Chidule | Nambala ya ITU Band | Mafupipafupi ndi Wavelength | Zitsanzo Zogwiritsa Ntchito |
| Kutsika Kwambiri Kwambiri | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000km | Kulankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi |
| Super Low Frequency | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kulankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi |
| Ultra Low Frequency | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Kuyankhulana kwapansi pamadzi, Kuyankhulana mkati mwa migodi |
| Mafupipafupi Otsika Kwambiri | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10 Km | Kuyenda, ma sign a nthawi, kulumikizana kwapansi pamadzi, zowunikira kugunda kwamtima opanda zingwe, geophysics |
| Mafupipafupi Otsika | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1 Km | Kuyenda, ma sign a nthawi, kuwulutsa kwa AM Longwave (Europe ndi Mbali za Asia), RFID, wailesi yamasewera |
| Pakati pafupipafupi | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100m | Kuwulutsa kwa AM (zapakati-wave), wailesi yamasewera, ma beacons a avalanche |
| Kuthamanga Kwambiri | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Mawayilesi a Shortwave, wailesi ya nzika, mawayilesi amateur ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi ndege, RFID, radar yapamtunda, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulalo wodziwikiratu (ALE) / pafupi ndi vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) mawayilesi, mawayilesi apanyanja ndi mafoni |
| Mafupipafupi kwambiri | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, wailesi yakanema, njira zowonera pansi ndi ndege ndi ndege kupita kundege, kulumikizana kwapamtunda ndi panyanja, wailesi yachinyamata, wailesi yanyengo |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema, uvuni wa microwave, zida za microwave / kulumikizana, zakuthambo za wailesi, mafoni am'manja, LAN opanda zingwe, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS ndi ma wayilesi anjira ziwiri monga mawayilesi amtunda, FRS ndi mawayilesi a GMRS, wailesi yamasewera, wailesi ya satellite, Remote control Systems, ADSB |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | SHF | 10 | 3-30 GHz100-10 mm | Radio astronomy, microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, DSRC, radar zamakono kwambiri, ma satelayiti olankhulana, chingwe ndi satellite wailesi yakanema, DBS, amateur wailesi, satellite wailesi |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | EHF | 11 | 30-300 GHz10-1 mm | Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, radio amateur, chida champhamvu cholunjika, millimeter wave scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz kapena pafupipafupi kwambiri | Mtengo wa THF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1 mm | Kuyerekeza kwachipatala koyesera kuti alowe m'malo mwa X-ray, kusinthika kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa mamolekyulu, fizikiki ya condensed-matter, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, remote sensing. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi a ma frequency osiyanasiyana
Timagwiritsa ntchito makamakaMtengo wa MF-SHFkwa kulankhulana kwa foni yam'manja.
Mwachitsanzo, "GSM900" ndi "CDMA800" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza GSM ikugwira ntchito pa 900MHz ndi CDMA ikuyenda pa 800MHz.
Pakadali pano, mulingo waukadaulo wapadziko lonse wa 4G LTE ndi wa UHF ndi SHF.
China imagwiritsa ntchito SHF makamaka
Monga mukuwonera, ndi chitukuko cha 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, mawayilesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito akuchulukirachulukira.
Chifukwa chiyani?
Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa kuchuluka kwafupipafupi kumakhala kokwanira.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi zimapezeka, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kungathe kukwaniritsidwa.
Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatanthawuza zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuthamanga mofulumira.
Ndiye, 5 G imagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency otani?
Monga momwe zilili pansipa:
Mafupipafupi a 5G amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ili pansi pa 6GHz, yomwe siili yosiyana kwambiri ndi 2G yathu, 3G, 4G, ndi ina, yomwe ili pamwamba, pamwamba pa 24GHz.
Pakadali pano, 28GHz ndiye gulu lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi (gulu la ma frequency atha kukhalanso gulu loyamba lazamalonda la 5G)
Ngati kuwerengedwa ndi 28GHz, malinga ndi ndondomeko yomwe tatchula pamwambapa:
Chabwino, ndiye gawo loyamba laukadaulo la 5G
Millimeter - mawonekedwe
Ndiloleni ndiwonetsenso tebulo la ma frequency:
| Dzina la Bandi | Chidule | Nambala ya ITU Band | Mafupipafupi ndi Wavelength | Zitsanzo Zogwiritsa Ntchito |
| Kutsika Kwambiri Kwambiri | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000km | Kulankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi |
| Super Low Frequency | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kulankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi |
| Ultra Low Frequency | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Kuyankhulana kwapansi pamadzi, Kuyankhulana mkati mwa migodi |
| Mafupipafupi Otsika Kwambiri | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10 Km | Kuyenda, ma sign a nthawi, kulumikizana kwapansi pamadzi, zowunikira kugunda kwamtima opanda zingwe, geophysics |
| Mafupipafupi Otsika | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1 Km | Kuyenda, ma sign a nthawi, kuwulutsa kwa AM Longwave (Europe ndi Mbali za Asia), RFID, wailesi yamasewera |
| Pakati pafupipafupi | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100m | Kuwulutsa kwa AM (zapakati-wave), wailesi yamasewera, ma beacons a avalanche |
| Kuthamanga Kwambiri | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Mawayilesi a Shortwave, wailesi ya nzika, mawayilesi amateur ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi ndege, RFID, radar yapamtunda, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulalo wodziwikiratu (ALE) / pafupi ndi vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) mawayilesi, mawayilesi apanyanja ndi mafoni |
| Mafupipafupi kwambiri | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, wailesi yakanema, njira zowonera pansi ndi ndege ndi ndege kupita kundege, kulumikizana kwapamtunda ndi panyanja, wailesi yachinyamata, wailesi yanyengo |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema, uvuni wa microwave, zida za microwave / kulumikizana, zakuthambo za wailesi, mafoni am'manja, LAN opanda zingwe, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS ndi ma wayilesi anjira ziwiri monga mawayilesi amtunda, FRS ndi mawayilesi a GMRS, wailesi yamasewera, wailesi ya satellite, Remote control Systems, ADSB |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | SHF | 10 | 3-30 GHz100-10 mm | Radio astronomy, microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, DSRC, radar zamakono kwambiri, ma satelayiti olankhulana, chingwe ndi satellite wailesi yakanema, DBS, amateur wailesi, satellite wailesi |
| Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri | EHF | 11 | 30-300 GHz10-1 mm | Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, radio amateur, chida champhamvu cholunjika, millimeter wave scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz kapena pafupipafupi kwambiri | Mtengo wa THF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1 mm | Kuyerekeza kwachipatala koyesera kuti alowe m'malo mwa X-ray, kusinthika kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa mamolekyulu, fizikiki ya condensed-matter, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, remote sensing. |
Chonde tcherani khutu ku mfundo yomaliza.Ndi amillimeter-wave!
Chabwino, popeza ma frequency apamwamba ndi abwino kwambiri, bwanji sitinagwiritse ntchito ma frequency apamwamba m'mbuyomu?
Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta:
-sikuti simukufuna kuigwiritsa ntchito.Ndikuti simungakwanitse.
Makhalidwe odabwitsa a mafunde a electromagnetic: kuchulukira kwa mafunde, kufupikitsa kutalika kwa mafunde, kuyandikira kufalikira kwa mzere (kumakhala koyipitsitsa kwamphamvu).Kukwera kwafupipafupi, kumapangitsanso kuchepa kwapakati.
Yang'anani cholembera chanu cha laser (wavelength ndi pafupifupi 635nm).Kuwala komwe kumatulutsa ndikowongoka.Ngati mutsekereza, simungadutse.
Kenako yang'anani kulumikizana kwa satellite ndi GPS navigation (wavelength ndi pafupifupi 1cm).Ngati pali chotchinga, sipadzakhala chizindikiro.
Mphika waukulu wa satelayiti uyenera kuwongoleredwa kuti uloze satelayi kunjira yoyenera, kapenanso kuwongolera pang'ono kungakhudze mtundu wa chizindikiro.
Ngati kulumikizana kwa mafoni kumagwiritsa ntchito bandi yothamanga kwambiri, vuto lake lalikulu kwambiri ndilofupikitsa kwambiri mtunda wotumizira, ndipo kuthekera kofikira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kuphimba malo omwewo, chiwerengero cha malo oyambira a 5G ofunikira chidzapitirira kwambiri 4G.
Kodi chiwerengero cha masiteshoni amatanthauza chiyani?Ndalama, ndalama, ndi mtengo.
Kutsika kwafupipafupi, kutsika mtengo kwa intaneti kudzakhala, ndipo kudzakhala kopikisana.Ichi ndichifukwa chake onyamula onse amalimbana ndi magulu otsika pafupipafupi.
Magulu ena amatchedwanso - magulu a golide.
Chifukwa chake, kutengera zifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, potengera kuchuluka kwa ma frequency apamwamba, kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa mtengo womanga maukonde, 5G iyenera kupeza njira yatsopano yotulukira.
Ndipo njira yotulukira ndi yotani?
Choyamba, pali microbase station.
Micro base station
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma base station, ma microbase station ndi ma macro base station.Tayang'anani pa dzina, ndi yaying'ono base station ndi yaying'ono;macro base station ndiakuluakulu.
Macro base station:
Kuphimba dera lalikulu.
Micro base station:
Zochepa kwambiri.
Malo ambiri ocheperako tsopano, makamaka m'matauni komanso m'nyumba, nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka.
M'tsogolomu, zikafika pa 5G, padzakhala zambiri, ndipo zidzakhazikitsidwa paliponse, pafupifupi kulikonse.
Mutha kufunsa, kodi padzakhala chiyambukiro chilichonse pathupi la munthu ngati masiteshoni ambiri ali pafupi?
Yankho langa ndi-ayi.
Pakakhala masiteshoni ambiri, ma radiation amakhala ochepa.
Taganizirani izi, m'nyengo yozizira, m'nyumba ndi gulu la anthu, kodi ndi bwino kukhala ndi chotenthetsera chimodzi champhamvu kwambiri kapena ma heater angapo opanda mphamvu?
Malo ang'onoang'ono oyambira, mphamvu zochepa komanso zoyenera aliyense.
Ngati malo oyambira okha, ma radiation ndi ofunika komanso akutali kwambiri, palibe chizindikiro.
Kodi mlongoti uli kuti?
Kodi mwawona kuti mafoni a m'manja anali ndi mlongoti wautali m'mbuyomo, ndipo mafoni oyambirira anali ndi tinyanga tating'ono?Chifukwa chiyani tilibe tinyanga tsopano?
Chabwino, sikuti ife sitikufuna tinyanga;ndikuti tinyanga zathu zikucheperachepera.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mlongoti, utali wa mlongoti uyenera kukhala wolingana ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, pafupifupi pakati pa 1/10 ~ 1/4
Pamene nthawi ikusintha, kuyankhulana kwafupipafupi kwa mafoni athu a m'manja kukukulirakulira, ndipo kutalika kwa mafunde kumafupika, ndipo mlongoti udzakhalanso mofulumira.
Kulankhulana kwa millimeter-wave, mlongoti umakhalanso mulingo wa millimeter
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mlongoti ukhoza kuyikidwa kwathunthu mu foni yam'manja ngakhalenso tinyanga zingapo.
Ichi ndi kiyi yachitatu ya 5G
Massive MIMO (Tekinoloje ya Multi-antenna)
MIMO, kutanthauza zolowetsa zingapo, zotulutsa zingapo.
Munthawi ya LTE, tili ndi MIMO kale, koma kuchuluka kwa tinyanga sikokwanira, ndipo Tingangonena kuti ndi mtundu wakale wa MIMO.
Munthawi ya 5G, ukadaulo wa MIMO umakhala mtundu wa Massive MIMO.
Foni yam'manja imatha kudzazidwa ndi tinyanga tambirimbiri, osatchulanso nsanja zam'manja.
Pamalo oyambira am'mbuyomu, munali tinyanga zochepa chabe.
Mu nthawi ya 5G, chiwerengero cha tinyanga sichimayesedwa ndi zidutswa koma ndi "Array" antenna.
Komabe, tinyanga siziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a tinyanga, mitundu yambiri ya tinyanga imafuna kuti mtunda pakati pa tinyanga usungidwe pamwamba pa theka la kutalika kwa mafunde.Ngati ayandikira kwambiri, amasokonezana wina ndi mzake ndikukhudza kutumiza ndi kulandira zizindikiro.
Pamene siteshoni yoyambira itumiza chizindikiro, imakhala ngati babu.
Chizindikirocho chimatulutsidwa kumalo ozungulira.Pakuti kuwala, ndithudi, ndiko kuunikira chipinda chonse.Ngati kufotokoza malo kapena chinthu china, kuwala kwakukulu kumawonongeka.
Malo oyambira ndi omwewo;mphamvu ndi chuma chambiri zimaonongeka.
Ndiye, ngati tingapeze dzanja losaoneka lomanga kuwala kobalalika?
Izi sizimangopulumutsa mphamvu komanso zimatsimikizira kuti malo oti aunikire ali ndi kuwala kokwanira.
Yankho ndi lakuti inde.
Izi ndiBeamforming
Beamforming kapena kusefa kwapang'onopang'ono ndi njira yosinthira ma siginecha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a sensa kuti atumize kapena kulandila.Izi zimatheka pophatikiza zinthu mumndandanda wa tinyanga kuti ma siginecha pamakona ena azitha kusokoneza pomwe ena amasokoneza zowononga.Beamforming itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandirira kuti mukwaniritse kusankha kwa malo.
Ukadaulo wochulukitsa malowa wasintha kuchoka pakuwonetsa ma siginecha a omnidirectional kupita ku mautumiki olunjika, sudzasokoneza pakati pa matabwa omwe ali pamalo omwewo kuti apereke maulalo olankhulirana ambiri, kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri ntchito yama station station.
Pamsewu wamakono wamakono, ngakhale anthu awiri ataimbirana maso ndi maso, zizindikiro zimatumizidwa kudzera m'malo oyambira, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zowongolera ndi mapaketi a data.
Koma mu nthawi ya 5G, izi siziri choncho.
Chinthu chachisanu chofunikira cha 5G -D2Dndi chipangizo ku chipangizo.
Munthawi ya 5G, ngati ogwiritsa ntchito awiri omwe ali pansi pa siteshoni imodzi amalumikizana wina ndi mzake, deta yawo sidzatumizidwanso kudzera pa siteshoni yoyambira koma mwachindunji ku foni yam'manja.
Mwanjira imeneyi, imapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri za mpweya ndikuchepetsa kupanikizika pa siteshoni yoyambira.
Koma, ngati mukuganiza kuti simuyenera kulipira motere, ndiye kuti mukulakwitsa.
Uthenga wowongolera uyeneranso kuchoka pa siteshoni yoyambira;mumagwiritsa ntchito ma sipekitiramu zothandizira.Kodi Othandizira angakusiyeni bwanji?
Tekinoloje yolumikizirana ndi anthu sizodabwitsa;monga mwala wamtengo wapatali waukadaulo wolumikizirana, 5 G siukadaulo wosafikirika wosinthika;ndikusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo womwe ulipo.
Monga katswiri wina anati—
Malire aukadaulo wolumikizirana samangokhala ndi malire aukadaulo koma malingaliro ozikidwa pa masamu okhwima, omwe sangathe kutha posachedwa.
Ndipo momwe mungapititsire patsogolo kuthekera kwa kulumikizana mkati mwa mfundo za sayansi ndikufunafuna kosatopa kwa anthu ambiri mumakampani olumikizirana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-02-2021