M'badwo wotsatira waukadaulo wopanda zingwe uli ndi zovuta zambiri, koma izi sizinachedwetse.
Tekinoloje iyi ili ndi mitengo yayikulu kwambiri ya data, latency yotsika kwambiri kuposa 4G LTE, komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kachipangizo pagawo lililonse la cell.Mwachidule, ndiukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wothana ndi kusefukira kwa deta yopangidwa ndi masensa agalimoto, zida za IoT komanso, mochulukira, zamagetsi zam'badwo wotsatira.
Mphamvu yoyendetsa teknolojiyi ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a mpweya omwe angathandize ogwiritsira ntchito mafoni a m'manja kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri ndi kugawidwa kofananako.Ulamuliro watsopano wa netiweki upangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi ma network a 5G omwe ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono pokulolani kugawa mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto kutengera zosowa zamagalimoto.
"Ndi za bandwidth ndi latency," adatero Michael Thompson, RF Solutions Architect ku Cadence's Custom ICs ndi PCBs Group."Kodi ndingapeze bwanji deta yambiri?Phindu lina ndilakuti iyi ndi njira yosinthira, chifukwa chake imandipulumutsa ku vuto lomangirira njira yonse kapena ma bandwidth angapo.Izi ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimafunikira, malingana ndi ntchito.Ichi ndi chiyani.Choncho, zimakhala zosinthika kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira kale.Kuphatikiza apo, luso lake ndilambiri. ”
Izi zimatsegula mwayi watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, pazochitika zamasewera, m'makampani ndi zoyendera."Ndikayika masensa okwanira pa ndege, ndimatha kuwongolera, ndipo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati kuphunzira makina, idzayamba kumvetsetsa pamene gawo, dongosolo kapena ndondomeko iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa," adatero Thompson."Chifukwa chake pali ndege yomwe ikuuluka mdziko muno ndipo ifika ku LaGuardia.Dikirani, wina abwera ndikulowetsamo.Izi zimapita ku zida zazikulu kwambiri zosunthira nthaka, ndi zida zamigodi komwe dongosololi limadziyang'anira lokha.Mukufuna kuletsa zida za mayunitsi a madola mamiliyoni ambiriwa kuti zisawonongeke kuti asakhale pansi kudikirira kuti magawo atumizidwe. komanso kuchedwa kocheperako kuti mumve zambiri mwachangu. Ngati mukufuna kutembenuka ndikutumiza china chake, mutha kutumizanso mwachangu kwambiri."
Tekinoloje imodzi, kukhazikitsa kangapo Mawu akuti 5G amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana masiku ano.M'mawonekedwe ake ambiri, uku ndikusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanda zingwe zomwe zipangitsa kuti ntchito zatsopano ziziyendetsedwa panjira yokhazikika, adalongosola Colin Alexander, director of wireless marketing for Arm's infrastructure business."Maulendo angapo omwe alipo komanso atsopano aperekedwa kuti azinyamula magalimoto kuchokera ku sub-1 GHz kupita mtunda wautali, kufalikira kwakutali, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma millimeter-wave kuchokera ku 26 mpaka 60 GHz pamilandu yatsopano yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, yotsika kwambiri."
The Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN) ndi ena apanga zolemba zomwe zikuwonetsa zochitika pamfundo zitatu za makona atatu-ngodya imodzi yowonjezereka yolumikizira mafoni, ina yolumikizana ndi ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).Kuyankhulana kwa makina.Aliyense wa iwo amafunikira mtundu wosiyana wa maukonde pazosowa zawo.
"Izi zimabweretsa kufunikira kwina kwa 5G, kufunikira kofotokozera maukonde oyambira," adatero Alexander."Netiweki yayikulu idzakulitsa bwino mitundu yonseyi yamagalimoto."
Ananenanso kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki am'manja akugwira ntchito kuti azitha kuwongolera bwino komanso kukulitsa maukonde awo, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu owoneka bwino komanso ophatikizika omwe akuyenda pamakompyuta omwe ali mumtambo.
Pankhani yamitundu yama traffic ya URLLC, mapulogalamuwa tsopano atha kuyendetsedwa kuchokera pamtambo.Koma izi zimafuna kusuntha zowongolera zina ndi ntchito za ogwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa netiweki, ku mawonekedwe a mpweya.Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za maloboti anzeru m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira ma network ocheperako pazifukwa zachitetezo komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.Izi zidzafunika midadada ya komputa yam'mphepete, iliyonse ili ndi kompyuta, kusungirako, kuthamangitsa, komanso luso lophunzirira makina, komanso kuti zina koma osati zonse za V2X ndi ntchito zamagalimoto zokhala ndi zofunikira zofanana, Alexander akuti.
"Pakadakhala kuti nthawi yocheperako ikufunika, kukonza kumatha kusunthidwanso m'mphepete kuti muwerenge ndikulumikizana ndi mayankho a V2X.Ngati ntchitoyo ikukhudzana kwambiri ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu, monga kuyimika magalimoto kapena kutsata opanga, makompyuta amatha kukhala makompyuta ambiri. ”pa chipangizo ", - iye anati.
Kupangira 5G Kwa mainjiniya opanga omwe ali ndi ntchito yopanga tchipisi ta 5G, pali zidutswa zambiri zosuntha pazithunzi, chilichonse chili ndi malingaliro ake.Mwachitsanzo, pamasiteshoni oyambira, limodzi mwamavuto akulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
"Masiteshoni ambiri oyambira amapangidwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba wa ASIC ndi FPGA," atero a Geoff Tate, CEO wa Flex Logix."Pakadali pano, adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito SerDes, yomwe imadya mphamvu zambiri komanso imatenga malo ambiri.Ngati mutha kupanga madongosolo mu ASIC mutha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kupondaponda chifukwa simufunikira SerDes kuti ithamangitse-chip ndipo muli ndi bandwidth yochulukirapo pakati pamalingaliro osinthika ndi ASICs Intel amachita izi poyika ma Xeons awo ndi Altera FPGA mu phukusi lomwelo Kotero mumapeza 100 nthawi zambiri bandwidth Zinthu zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi malo oyambira Choyamba, mumapanga teknoloji ndiyeno mukhoza kugulitsa ndikuigwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.Ndi foni yam'manja, mutha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamayiko osiyanasiyana."
Zofunikira ndizosiyana pazida zomwe zimayikidwa pamaneti oyambira komanso mumtambo.Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndikumanga komwe kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyang'anira mapulogalamu komanso mosavuta ma port ogwiritsa ntchito pazida.
"Zachilengedwe zogwirira ntchito zotengera zinthu monga OPNFV (Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization) ndizofunikira kwambiri," atero Arm's Alexander."Kuwongolera kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu zapaintaneti ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pakati pazida kudzera pa orchestration kudzakhalanso kofunikira.ONAP (Open Network Automation Platform) ndi chitsanzo.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida ndi zosankha zazikulu zamapangidwe. ”
Pamphepete mwa netiweki, zofunikira zimaphatikizapo kutsika kwa latency, bandwidth yapamwamba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
"Ma Accelerators amayenera kuthandizira mosavuta zofunikira zambiri zamakompyuta zomwe sizimayendetsedwa bwino ndi CPU," adatero Alexander.Kukhoza sikelo ndikofunikira kwambiri.Thandizo lazomangamanga lomwe limatha kukula mosavuta pakati pa ASICs, ASSPs, ndi FPGAs ndilofunikanso, chifukwa makompyuta am'mphepete adzagawidwa pamanetiweki amtundu uliwonse komanso pazida zilizonse.Kuchulukitsa kwa mapulogalamu ndikofunikira. ”
5G ingayambitsenso kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka chipset, makamaka kumene mawailesi ali.Ron Lowman adati ngakhale malekezero akutsogolo a LTE amayikidwa pawailesi, purosesa, kapena kuphatikizidwa kwathunthu, magulu opanga akasamukira kumatekinoloje atsopano, malekezero akutsogolowo amachoka pa chipangizocho kaye kenako ndikubwerera. .monga ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo Iye, Synopsys IoT Strategic Marketing Manager.
"Pobwera kwa 5G, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti mawailesi ambiri, matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri, komanso mofulumira, node zamakono zamakono monga 12nm ndi pamwamba zidzathandiza kwambiri pazigawo zophatikizana," adatero Lowman."Izi zimafuna otembenuza ma data omwe amapita ku mawonekedwe a analogi kuti athe kugwira ma gigasamples pamphindikati.Kudalirika kwakukulu ndikofunikanso nthawi zonse.Zinthu monga mawonekedwe otseguka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Wi-Fi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuposa kale.Kuyesera kuthana ndi zonse zomwe sizili zophweka, ndipo kuphunzira makina ndi luntha lochita kupanga kungakhale koyenera kuchita zina mwazovuta.Izi, zimakhudzanso kamangidwe kake, chifukwa sizingowonjezera kukonza, komanso kukumbukira. ”
Thompson wa Cadence amavomereza."Pamene tikupanga 5G kapena IoT pamiyezo yapamwamba ya 802.11 komanso malingaliro ena a ADAS, tikuyesera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kukhala otsika mtengo, kukhala ocheperako komanso kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito posamukira kumagulu ang'onoang'ono.Fananizani izi ndi zovuta zanu, zomwe zawonedwa ku Russian Federation, "adatero."Pamene ma node akucheperachepera, ma IC amacheperachepera.Kuti IC igwiritse ntchito bwino kukula kwake kakang'ono, imayenera kukhala phukusi laling'ono.Pali kukakamiza kuti zinthu zizikhala zazing'ono komanso zophatikizika, koma sichinthu chabwino. ”kwa RF Design"."...poyerekeza, sindidandaula kwambiri ndi momwe dera limakhudzira kugawa.Ngati ndili ndi chidutswa chachitsulo, chikhoza kuwoneka ngati chotsutsa pang'ono, koma chikuwoneka ngati chotsutsa pa ma frequency onse.Ngati ndi zotsatira za RF, ndiye kuti ndi mzere wotumizira, udzawoneka mosiyana malinga ndi momwe ndikutumizira pafupipafupi. amachita, kugwirizana Digiri kumawonjezera exponentially.Ndikafika mfundo ang'onoang'ono, izi lumikiza zotsatira kukhala kutchulidwa, kutanthauzanso kuti kukondera voteji ndi smaller.So phokoso ndi zotsatira yaikulu chifukwa ine sindimakondera chipangizo pansi. magetsi otsika, phokoso lomwelo limakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri. Ambiri mwamavutowa amapezeka pamlingo wa 5G. "
Kulingalira kwatsopano pa kudalirika Kudalirika kwatenga tanthauzo latsopano mu mauthenga opanda zingwe monga tchipisi timagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, mafakitale ndi ntchito zamankhwala.Izi nthawi zambiri sizimakhudzana ndi mauthenga opanda zingwe, pomwe kulephera kwa kulumikizana, kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kapena vuto lina lililonse lomwe lingasokoneze ntchitoyo nthawi zambiri limawonedwa ngati vuto osati nkhani yachitetezo.
"Tiyenera kupeza njira zatsopano zotsimikizira kuti tchipisi tachitetezo tigwira ntchito modalirika," adatero Roland Jahnke, Mtsogoleri wa Njira Zopangira ku Fraunhofer EAS.“Monga makampani, sitinafike.Tikuyesera kukonza ndondomeko yachitukuko pompano.Tiyenera kuyang'ana momwe magawo ndi zida zimagwirizanirana, ndipo tili ndi ntchito yambiri yoonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino. ”
Jahnke adanena kuti mpaka pano ambiri mwa mavuto akhala chifukwa cha cholakwika chimodzi chojambula.“Bwanji ngati pali nsikidzi ziwiri kapena zitatu?Wotsimikizirayo ayenera kuuza wopanga zomwe zingasokonekera komanso komwe kuli nsikidzi, kenako ndikuzibwezeretsanso panthawi yopanga. ”
Izi zakhala vuto lalikulu m'misika yambiri yofunikira pachitetezo, ndipo vuto lalikulu ndi opanda zingwe ndi magalimoto ndi kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumbali zonse ziwiri."Ena aiwo ayenera kupangidwa kuti azikhala nthawi zonse," akutero Oliver King, CTO waku Moortec."Kuwonetseratu pasadakhale kungadziwiretu momwe zinthu zidzagwiritsire ntchito.Ndizovuta kulosera.Zitenga nthawi kuti muwone momwe zinthu zikuyendera. ”
Netiweki yakumudzi ndiyofunika.Komabe, makampani okwanira akuwona kuti 5G ili ndi maubwino okwanira kulungamitsa kuyesetsa kumanga maziko ofunikira kuti zonse zitheke.
Magdi Abadir, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wazamalonda ku Helic, adati kusiyana kwakukulu ndi 5G kudzakhala kuthamanga kwa data komwe kumaperekedwa."5G imatha kugwira ntchito mwachangu kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 20 gigabits pamphindikati.Zomangamanga ziyenera kuthandizira mtundu wa kusamutsa deta, ndipo tchipisi timayenera kukonza zomwe zikubwera.Kwa olandila ndi ma transmitter m'magulu opitilira 100 GB, ma frequency nawonso ayenera kuganiziridwa.Ku Russian Federation, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi 70 GHz pama radar ndi zina zotero. ”
Kupanga zomangamanga izi ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe imalumikiza maulalo angapo mumayendedwe amagetsi.
"Matsenga omwe akukambidwa kuti achite izi ndikuyesera kuphatikiza kwambiri mbali ya RF ya SoC," adatero Abadir.Kuphatikiza ndi ma analogi a ADC ndi zida za DAC zokhala ndi sampuli zapamwamba kwambiri.Chilichonse chiyenera kuphatikizidwa mu SoC yomweyo.Tawona kuphatikizika ndikukambirana nkhani zophatikizira, koma izi zimakokomeza chilichonse chifukwa zimakhazikitsa cholinga chachikulu ndikukakamiza opanga kuti aphatikize kuposa momwe amaganizira kale.Nkovuta kwambiri kusiya chilichonse komanso kusakhudza madera oyandikana nawo.”
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, 2G makamaka imatumiza mawu, pomwe 3G ndi 4G ndizotumiza zambiri komanso kuthandizira bwino.M'malo mwake, 5G imayimira kuchuluka kwa zida zosiyanasiyana, mautumiki osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa bandwidth.
"Njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito monga kupititsa patsogolo mafoni a m'manja ndi kulumikizidwa kochepa kwa latency kumafuna kuwonjezeka kwa 10x," anatero Mike Fitton, Strategic Planner ndi Business Development Specialist ku Achronix."Kuphatikiza apo, 5G ikuyembekezeka kukhala yofunika kwambiri pa V2X, makamaka m'badwo wotsatira wa 5G.5G Release 16 idzakhala ndi URLLC yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito za V2X.Pulogalamu yamtundu wa netiweki.
Kukonzekera za tsogolo losatsimikizika la 5G nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati mndandanda wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi 10x zambiri bandwidth, 5x latency, ndi 5-10x zipangizo zambiri.Izi zimakhala zovuta chifukwa inki muzolemba za 5G sizowuma kwambiri.Nthawi zonse pamakhala zowonjezera mochedwa zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha ndikusintha kukhala ndandanda.
"Ngati mungaganizire zofunikira ziwiri zazikulu za ulalo wa data wa Hardware chifukwa cha bandwidth yayikulu komanso kufunikira kosinthika, izi zikutanthauza kuti mudzafunika mtundu wina wa SoC kapena ASIC wodzipatulira womwe uli ndi mapulogalamu ambiri pakati pa hardware ndi mapulogalamu.Ngati muyang'ana pa nsanja iliyonse ya 5G lero, zonse zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ma FPGA chifukwa simukuwona zomwe zikuchitika.Panthawi ina, ma OEM onse akuluakulu opanda zingwe atha kusamukira ku mphamvu ya ASIC yochulukirachulukira komanso yokhathamiritsa, koma imafunikira kusinthasintha ndi kuyendetsa kuti muchepetse mtengo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Ndi za kusunga kusinthasintha komwe mukuzifuna (mu ma FPGA kapena ma FPGA ophatikizidwa) ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ngati kuli kotheka kuti mukwaniritse zotsika mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. ”
Tate wa Flex Logix amavomereza.“Makampani oposa 100 amagwira ntchito m’derali.Mawonekedwe ndi osiyana, protocol ndi yosiyana, ndipo tchipisi tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndizosiyana.Chip chobwereza chidzakhala chochepa mphamvu pamakoma a nyumba, pomwe pangakhale malo omwe eFPGA ndiyofunika kwambiri. "
Nkhani Zofananira Zamsewu Wa Rocky kupita ku 5G Kodi ukadaulo watsopanowu upita patali bwanji, ndipo ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zikuyenera kuthana nazo?Kuyesa Opanda Mawaya Kukumana ndi Zovuta Zatsopano Kubwera kwa 5G ndi matekinoloje ena atsopano opanda zingwe kukupangitsa kuyesa kukhala kovuta kwambiri.Kuyesa opanda zingwe ndi njira imodzi yotheka.Tech Talk: Kodi 5G, mulingo watsopano wopanda zingwe, umatanthauza chiyani pamakampani aukadaulo ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera.5G Test Equipment Race Ikuyamba Mbadwo wotsatira wa teknoloji yopanda zingwe udakalipobe, koma ogulitsa zida ali okonzeka kuyesa 5G muzoyendetsa ndege.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-16-2023