Kodi MIMO ndi chiyani?

1.   Kodi MIMO ndi chiyani?

Munthawi ino yolumikizana, mafoni am'manja, ngati zenera loti tizilumikizana ndi dziko lakunja, zikuwoneka kuti zakhala gawo la matupi athu.

Koma foni ya m'manja siingathe kuyendayenda pa intaneti yokha, maukonde olankhulana ndi mafoni a m'manja akhala ofunika kwambiri ngati madzi ndi magetsi kwa anthu.Mukayang'ana pa intaneti, simumva kufunika kwa ngwazi zakuseri kwazithunzizi.Mukachoka, mumamva ngati simungakhalenso ndi moyo.

Panali nthawi, intaneti ya mafoni a m'manja inalipiritsidwa ndi magalimoto, ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza ndi ndalama zochepa, koma 1MHz iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.Chifukwa chake, mukawona Wi-Fi, mudzamva otetezeka.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe rauta yopanda zingwe imawonekera.

8 tinyanga, zikuwoneka ngati akangaude.

Kodi chizindikirocho chingadutse makoma awiri kapena kuposerapo?Kapena kuthamanga kwa intaneti kuwirikiza kawiri?

Zotsatirazi zitha kupezedwa ndi rauta, ndipo zimatheka ndi tinyanga zambiri, ukadaulo wotchuka wa MIMO.

MIMO, yomwe ndi Multi-input Multi output.

Ndizovuta kulingalira zimenezo, sichoncho?Kodi Multi-input Multi-output ndi chiyani, tinyanga tingakwaniritse bwanji zonse?Mukamasambira pa intaneti kudzera pa chingwe cha intaneti, kulumikizana pakati pa kompyuta ndi intaneti ndi chingwe chakuthupi, mwachiwonekere.Tsopano tiyeni tiyerekeze pamene timagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga potumiza zizindikiro kudzera mumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic.Mpweya umagwira ntchito ngati waya koma ndi woona, njira yotumizira mauthenga yotchedwa wireless channel.

Ndiye, mungatani kuti intaneti ikhale yofulumira?

Inde, mukulondola!Ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi tinyanga tambiri, mawaya angapo owerengeka pamodzi kuti atumize ndi kulandira deta.MIMO idapangidwira njira yopanda zingwe.

Mofanana ndi ma router opanda zingwe, 4G base station ndi foni yanu yam'manja ikuchita zomwezo.

Chifukwa cha MIMO Technology, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi 4G, tikhoza kuona kuthamanga kwa intaneti.Nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wa oyendetsa mafoni a m'manja watsika kwambiri;Titha kuwononga ndalama zochepa kuti tipeze kuthamanga kwa intaneti mwachangu komanso kopanda malire.Tsopano titha kuchotsa kudalira kwathu pa Wi-Fi ndikuyang'ana intaneti nthawi zonse.

Tsopano, ndiroleni ndikuuzeni kuti MIMO ndi chiyani?

2.Gulu la MIMO

Choyamba, MIMO yomwe tatchula kale ikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa liwiro la netiweki pakutsitsa.Ndi chifukwa, pakadali pano, tili ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa kutsitsa.Ganizilani izi, mutha kutsitsa makanema ambiri a GHz koma kwezani ma MHz ochepa chabe.

Popeza MIMO imatchedwa kulowetsa kangapo komanso kutulutsa kangapo, njira zingapo zopatsirana zimapangidwa ndi tinyanga zingapo.Zachidziwikire, sikuti malo oyambira amangothandizira kutumiza kwa tinyanga zambiri, komanso foni yam'manja imayeneranso kukumana ndi kulandila kwa tinyanga zambiri.

Tiyeni tiwone chojambula chosavuta chotsatirachi: (Zowonadi, mlongoti wa siteshoni ndi yayikulu, ndipo mlongoti wa foni yam'manja ndi wawung'ono komanso wobisika.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma antennas a base station ndi mafoni am'manja, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi: SISO, SIMO, MISO ndi MIMO.

SISO: Kulowetsa Kumodzi ndi Kutulutsa Kumodzi

SIMO: Kulowetsa Kumodzi ndi Kutulutsa Kangapo

MISO: Zolowetsa Zambiri ndi Kutulutsa Kumodzi

MIMO: Zotulutsa Zambiri ndi Zotulutsa Zambiri

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi SISO:

Mawonekedwe osavuta amatha kufotokozedwa m'mawu a MIMO ngati SISO - Kutulutsa Kumodzi Kumodzi.Transmitter iyi imagwira ntchito ndi mlongoti umodzi monga des wolandila.Palibe zosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe processing zina zofunika.

Pali mlongoti umodzi wa siteshoni yoyambira ndi imodzi ya foni yam'manja;sasokonezana—njira yopatsirana pakati pawo ndiyo kugwirizana kokhako.

Palibe kukayika kuti dongosolo loterolo ndi lofooka kwambiri, ndi msewu wawung'ono.Zochitika zilizonse zosayembekezereka zidzasokoneza mauthenga.

SIMO ndiyabwino chifukwa kulandila kwa foni kumakulitsidwa.

Monga mukuonera, foni yam'manja siingathe kusintha malo opanda zingwe, choncho imadzisintha yokha - foni yam'manja imawonjezera antenna yokha.

Mwa njira iyi, uthenga wotumizidwa kuchokera ku siteshoni yoyambira ukhoza kufika pa foni yam'manja m'njira ziwiri!Kungoti onse awiri amachokera ku mlongoti womwewo pamalo oyambira ndipo amatha kutumiza deta yomweyo.

Zotsatira zake, zilibe kanthu ngati mutaya data panjira iliyonse.Malingana ngati foni ikhoza kulandira kopi kuchokera ku njira iliyonse, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yaikulu imakhalabe yofanana panjira iliyonse, mwayi wolandira deta bwino umawirikiza kawiri.Izi zimatchedwanso kulandira zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi MISO ndi chiyani?

Mwanjira ina, foni yam'manja ikadali ndi mlongoti umodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinyanga pamalo oyambira kumawonjezeka kufika pawiri.Pachifukwa ichi, deta yomweyi imatumizidwa kuchokera ku tinyanga ziwiri zotumizira.Ndipo mlongoti wolandila umatha kulandira chizindikiritso chokwanira komanso deta yeniyeni.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito MISO ndikuti tinyanga zambiri ndi deta zimasunthidwa kuchokera kwa wolandila kupita ku transmitter.Malo oyambira amatha kutumizabe deta yomweyi m'njira ziwiri;zilibe kanthu ngati mutaya ena deta;kulankhulana kungapitirire bwinobwino.

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zambiri zimakhalabe zofanana, kupambana kwa kulankhulana kwawonjezeka kawiri.Njira imeneyi imatchedwanso kuti transmit diversity.

Pomaliza, tiyeni tikambirane za MIMO.

Pali mlongoti wopitilira umodzi kumapeto kwa ulalo wa wailesi, ndipo izi zimatchedwa MIMO -Multiple Input Multiple Output.MIMO itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipereke zosintha pakulimba kwa tchanelo komanso kupitilira kwa njira.Malo oyambira ndi mbali yam'manja angagwiritse ntchito tinyanga ziwiri kutumiza ndi kulandira paokha, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti liwiro limachulukitsidwa kawiri?

Mwanjira iyi, pali njira zinayi zotumizira pakati pa siteshoni yoyambira ndi foni yam'manja, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta kwambiri.Koma kutsimikiza, chifukwa malo oyambira ndi mbali ya foni yam'manja zonse zili ndi tinyanga 2, zimatha kutumiza ndikulandila ma data awiri nthawi imodzi.Ndiye kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa MIMO kumakwera bwanji poyerekeza ndi njira imodzi?Kuchokera pakuwunika koyambirira kwa SIMO ndi MISO, zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa tinyanga kumbali zonse ziwiri.

Makina a MIMO nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati A * B MIMO;A amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa tinyanga toyambira, B amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa tinyanga ta m'manja.Ganizirani za 4 * 4 MIMO ndi 4 * 2 MIMO.Mukuganiza kuti ndi chiani chomwe chili chachikulu?

4 * 4 MIMO ikhoza kutumiza ndi kulandira mayendedwe a 4 panthawi imodzi, ndipo mphamvu yake yaikulu imatha kufika nthawi 4 kuposa ya SISO.4 * 2 MIMO imatha kufika ka 2 kokha pa dongosolo la SISO.

Izi pogwiritsa ntchito mlongoti angapo ndi njira zopatsirana zosiyanasiyana mu malo ochulukirachulukira kuti atumize makope angapo a data yosiyana molumikizana kuti awonjezere mphamvu amatchedwa space division multiplex.

Ndiye, kodi kuthekera kopitilira muyeso mu dongosolo la MIMO?Tiyeni tibwere ku mayesero.

Timatengerabe malo oyambira ndi foni yam'manja yokhala ndi tinyanga 2 mwachitsanzo.Kodi njira yopatsirana pakati pawo ingakhale yotani?

Monga mukuonera, njira zinayi zimadutsa muzowonongeka zomwezo ndi kusokoneza, ndipo pamene deta ifika pa foni yam'manja, sangathenso kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake.Kodi izi sizifanana ndi njira imodzi?Panthawiyi, dongosolo la 2 * 2 MIMO silofanana ndi dongosolo la SISO?

Momwemonso, dongosolo la 2 * 2 MIMO likhoza kutsika kukhala SIMO, MISO, ndi machitidwe ena, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magawano a multiplex amachepetsedwa kuti atengere mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kufalikira kapena kusiyanasiyana kolandira, kuyembekezera kwa siteshoni yapansi kwachepanso kuchoka kuthamangira kuthamanga kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti akulandira bwino.

Ndipo makina a MIMO amawerengedwa bwanji pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za masamu?

3.Chinsinsi cha njira ya MIMO

Mainjiniya amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za masamu.

Mainjiniya adalemba zomwe zidachokera pazinyalala ziwiri zomwe zili pamalo oyambira ngati X1 ndi X2, zomwe zidachokera ku tinyanga tamafoni monga Y1 ndi Y2, njira zinayi zotumizira zidalembedwa kuti H11, H12, H21, H22.

Ndizosavuta kuwerengera Y1 ndi Y2 motere.Koma nthawi zina, mphamvu ya 2 * 2 MIMO imatha kufika pawiri pa SISO, nthawi zina sangathe, nthawi zina kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi SISO.Mukuzifotokoza bwanji?

Vutoli litha kufotokozedwa ndi kulumikizana kwa tchanelo komwe tangotchula kumene - kukulitsa kulumikizana, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa njira iliyonse yopatsira ndi mbali yam'manja.Ngati njirayo ili yofanana, ndiye kuti ma equation awiriwa amakhala amodzi, ndiye pali njira imodzi yokha yofalitsira.

Mwachiwonekere, chinsinsi cha njira ya MIMO chili mu chiweruzo cha ufulu wa njira yopatsirana.Ndiye kuti, chinsinsi chagona mu H11, H12, H21, ndi H22.Mainjiniya amathandizira equation motere:

Akatswiri anayesa kufewetsa H1, H12, H21, ndi H22, kudzera muzosintha zina zovuta, equation ndipo pamapeto pake adasinthidwa kukhala formula.

Zolowetsa ziwiri X'1 ndi X'2, chulukitsani λ1ndi λ2, mutha kupeza Y'1 ndi Y'2.Kodi mfundo za λ1 ndi λ2 zimatanthauza chiyani?

Pali masanjidwe atsopano.Matrix okhala ndi data pa diagonal imodzi yokha amatchedwa diagonal matrix.Nambala ya data yopanda ziro pa diagonal imatchedwa udindo wa matrix.Mu 2*2 MIMO, akutanthauza za Non-zero values ​​of λ1 ndi λ2.

Ngati udindo ndi 1, zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo la 2 * 2 MIMO limagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo opatsirana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti MIMO imatsika ku SISO kapena SIMO ndipo imatha kulandira ndi kutumiza deta yonse nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati udindo ndi 2, ndiye kuti dongosololi lili ndi njira ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha.Ikhoza kutumiza ndi kulandira deta nthawi yomweyo.

Ndiye, ngati udindo uli 2, kodi mphamvu ya mayendedwe awiriwa ndi yowirikiza kawiri ya imodzi?Yankho liri mu chiŵerengero cha λ1 ndi λ2, chomwe chimatchedwanso nambala yokhazikika.

Ngati nambala yokhazikika ili 1, zikutanthauza kuti λ1 ndi λ2 ndizofanana;ali ndi ufulu wambiri.Mphamvu ya 2 * 2 MIMO dongosolo akhoza kufika pazipita.

Ngati nambala yovomerezeka ndi yoposa 1, zikutanthauza kuti λ1 ndi λ2 ndizosiyana.Komabe, pali njira ziwiri zapakati, ndipo khalidweli ndi losiyana, ndiye kuti dongosololi lidzayika zinthu zazikulu panjirayo ndi khalidwe labwino.Mwanjira iyi, 2 * 2 MIMO dongosolo mphamvu ndi 1 kapena 2 nthawi ya SISO dongosolo.

Komabe, chidziwitsocho chimapangidwa panthawi yotumiza danga pambuyo potumiza deta.Kodi base station imadziwa bwanji nthawi yotumiza tchanelo chimodzi kapena mayendedwe awiri?

Musaiwale, ndipo palibe zinsinsi pakati pawo.Foni yam'manja itumiza momwe tchanelo chake chayezedwa, kuchuluka kwa matrix otumizira, ndi malingaliro oti alembe ku siteshoni yoyambira kuti afotokozere.

Pakadali pano, ndikuganiza kuti titha kuwona kuti MIMO ikhala choncho.